Economic+and+Social+reasons+behind+Imperialism

=Economic and Social reasons behind Imperialism assignment=

Answer each of the following questions in complete sentences. You may work together in researching the answers but must provide your own work for credit. Please answer each question fully in order to recieve credit on this assignment.

Pax Britannica
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 * 1) What was //[|Pax Britannica]//? What does "informal colonialism" mean and how did this period of time (1815-1870) differ from the previous period of European colonization in North and South America? Why did British supremacy start to decline after 1870?
 * 2) By controling the seas, how did the [|Royal Navy] bring "order" to these new markets in Asia and Africa? What was the purpose of "[|gunboat diplomacy]" from the European perspective? What do you think were the feelings/reactions of the people those gunboats were used against?
 * 3) [|The Opium War] (1839-1842) is an example of "gunboat diplomacy" in action. Why was the balance of trade with China bad for the British? What did they do to rectify that situation? If you were the emperor of China, how would you react to this epidemic created by the British? How did the British utilize their industrial advantage in this situation?
 * 4) What was the purpose of building the [|Suez Canal]? Why do you think the French built it and the British seized it (aka - what did the canal represent)?
 * 5) Define the words [|sepoy] and [|raj]. What [|cultural insensitivity] caused the British East India Company lose control over sepoys who helped run the Indian subcontinent? How did [|rule] under the British crown differ from that of the British East India company following the Sepoy Rebellion?
 * 6) Between the beginning of colonization and the beginning of the Austrialian Federation in 1901, what type of people "migrated" to [|Australia]? What made it a destination for many people, particularly after 1850? Explain the concept of [|federation] in terms of Australia - who is in charge (in reality vs. on paper) - and how is it similar or different to that of [|Canada]?
 * 1) What [|major concept] of the late 19th century, when combined with Industrialization, caused British supremacy in global affairs to diminish? How did this concept differ from those found in the previous time periods of expansion, when imperial schemes were linked to religion and conquest?

New Imperialism
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 * 1) Following the Long Depression, what did the Industiralizing countries of Europe (plus America and Japan) [|seek to establish] by setting up colonies? How did this arrangement help the colonized area? How did this arrangement help the colonial power (what raw goods did they seek/what discoveries did they make)?
 * 2) What [|tools of the Industrial Revolution] helped led to the quick colonization of Africa? According to [|Jared Diamond], what three forces helped provide advantages to the European colonizers over the Africans? Explain how each force represents the geographic disadvantage Africans had when it came to competing against the Europeans.
 * 3) What did the British conflicts with the [|Zulu] have in common with that of what was going on in the United States with the Native American population? Did they differ in anyway? Who were the [|Boers] and why did the British seek to remove them from control? What nasty lesson did the British learn in this conflict?
 * 4) How did [|Lenin] view imperialism from his distinct economic point of view? How did [|Kipling] view imperialism from his distinct social point of view? In each case, take the opposite side of the arguement - what would you say to counter these two concepts?
 * 5) What was the ultimate goal of the [|Berlin Conference] (1884-85)? Who was invited to the Conference by Bismark and did any of those countries gain a distinct advantage in Africa because of the Conference? If no country gained an advantage, what advantage did this Conference represent for everyone? How did a "[|sphere of influence]" differ from actual colonization? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the concept in the eyes of non-Europeans
 * 6) Print out these two maps: [|British Empire] (1923) and [|World Empires] (1898). What is your definition for "empire"? Would you classify countries such as Russia and Austria-Hungary "empires" in the same way as France, the United Kingdom and Germany? Explain your answer by comparing and contrasting the two.
 * 7) Each of these incidents around the turn-of-the-century were previews of what was to come in the 20th century. Explain what each was about and how the result of each set the stages for World War I and II:
 * [|Fashoda Incident of 1898] - United Kingdom v. France (in what is today Sudan)
 * [|Spanish-American War of 1898] - Spain v. United States (in Cuba and the Phillipines)
 * [|Boxer Rebellion] (1899-1900) - China v. United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, Japan, and the United States
 * [|Moroccan Crisis of 1905] and [|1911] - France v. Germany (in what is today Morocco)
 * [|Russo-Japanese War of 1905] - Russia v. Japan (in what is today parts of China, Russia, and Japan)

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